中國特色金融文化以統籌“兩個大局”為時代背景,內嵌于中國特色金融發展道路。從思想基礎上講,其根源于“兩個結合”,以中華優秀傳統文化為根,以馬克思主義理論為魂,立足當代中國實際,服務金融高質量發展;從內涵上講,其包括“誠實守信,不逾越底線;以義取利,不唯利是圖;穩健審慎,不急功近利;守正創新,不脫實向虛;依法合規,不胡作非為”五大實踐要求,具有鮮明的問題導向,強調規矩意識和規律意識。當前培育中國特色金融文化,應以“兩個結合”特別是“第二個結合”為基礎,以金融人才為重要載體,為中國特色現代金融體系和金融強國建設提供“軟實力”支撐。
推動金(jin)融(rong)(rong)高質量發(fa)展、建(jian)設金(jin)融(rong)(rong)強國(guo)(guo)離不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)開文化(hua)的(de)有力支撐和(he)豐厚滋養(yang)。習近平總書記在(zai)省部(bu)級主要(yao)領(ling)導干部(bu)推動金(jin)融(rong)(rong)高質量發(fa)展專題研討班開班式上發(fa)表重要(yao)講話中提出“積極培(pei)育(yu)中國(guo)(guo)特(te)色(se)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)文化(hua)”,并將(jiang)其(qi)概括為“誠實(shi)守信,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)逾越底線(xian);以義取利,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)唯利是(shi)圖;穩(wen)健審慎,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)急功近利;守正(zheng)創新,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)脫實(shi)向(xiang)虛;依法(fa)合規(gui)(gui),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)胡(hu)作非為”五個方面的(de)實(shi)踐要(yao)求,深化(hua)了(le)(le)黨對金(jin)融(rong)(rong)工(gong)作本質規(gui)(gui)律和(he)發(fa)展道路的(de)認(ren)識,為培(pei)育(yu)中國(guo)(guo)特(te)色(se)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)文化(hua)提供了(le)(le)根本遵循和(he)行動指南。
中(zhong)國(guo)特(te)色(se)金融文(wen)化的時代(dai)背(bei)景
文化(hua)關乎國(guo)本、國(guo)運(yun),是(shi)一(yi)個國(guo)家、一(yi)個民族(zu)的(de)靈魂(hun)。中國(guo)特色(se)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)文化(hua),既吸收(shou)了(le)中華優秀傳統文化(hua)精(jing)髓(sui),又彰顯了(le)現代金(jin)融(rong)(rong)元素、金(jin)融(rong)(rong)理念和(he)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)精(jing)神(shen),是(shi)“兩(liang)個結(jie)(jie)合”特別是(shi)“第二個結(jie)(jie)合”在金(jin)融(rong)(rong)領域的(de)生動(dong)體現。
(一(yi))統籌“兩個大局”為(wei)中國金融文(wen)化發展提出新要求
當前(qian),世(shi)界百年未有之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)變(bian)(bian)局(ju)(ju)與中(zhong)華民(min)族(zu)偉大(da)(da)(da)復興戰(zhan)略(lve)全局(ju)(ju)交(jiao)織交(jiao)融、相互(hu)激(ji)蕩。一方面,世(shi)界之(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)(bian)、時(shi)代之(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)(bian)、歷(li)史之(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)(bian)正以前(qian)所未有的(de)方式(shi)展(zhan)開,新一輪科(ke)技革命和(he)產(chan)業變(bian)(bian)革深入發(fa)展(zhan),國(guo)際格局(ju)(ju)正在發(fa)生由(you)量(liang)到質的(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua);另一方面,新時(shi)代黨和(he)國(guo)家事業取得(de)歷(li)史性(xing)成就、發(fa)生歷(li)史性(xing)變(bian)(bian)革,我(wo)們比歷(li)史上任何時(shi)期都更(geng)接近、更(geng)有信心和(he)能(neng)力實現中(zhong)華民(min)族(zu)偉大(da)(da)(da)復興的(de)目標。與此同時(shi),我(wo)國(guo)發(fa)展(zhan)進(jin)入戰(zhan)略(lve)機遇和(he)風險(xian)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)并存、不(bu)確定難(nan)預(yu)料因素增(zeng)多的(de)時(shi)期,可(ke)能(neng)經(jing)受風高浪急甚(shen)至(zhi)驚(jing)濤駭浪的(de)重大(da)(da)(da)考驗。這(zhe)些(xie)為(wei)推進(jin)金融工作和(he)發(fa)展(zhan)金融文(wen)化(hua)提(ti)出了新要求(qiu)。
第一(yi),統籌好(hao)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和(he)(he)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)。“兩個大局(ju)”相互影響、相互交(jiao)織、相互激蕩,我國(guo)(guo)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)改革(ge)(ge)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)穩(wen)定面臨復雜嚴峻(jun)的(de)(de)內外(wai)部(bu)環境,各種“黑天鵝”“灰犀牛”事件隨(sui)時(shi)可能發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。一(yi)方面,在世界政(zheng)治經濟格局(ju)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)深刻變化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)同時(shi),一(yi)些國(guo)(guo)家炮制(zhi)“去(qu)全(quan)(quan)(quan)球化(hua)(hua)”“去(qu)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)化(hua)(hua)”逆(ni)流。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)領域成(cheng)為大國(guo)(guo)博弈的(de)(de)必爭(zheng)之地,金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)制(zhi)裁(cai)和(he)(he)“金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)武器(qi)化(hua)(hua)”嚴重威脅發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)家金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)。另(ling)一(yi)方面,在新(xin)一(yi)輪(lun)科技(ji)革(ge)(ge)命驅動(dong)下,全(quan)(quan)(quan)球化(hua)(hua)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)數字化(hua)(hua)出(chu)現(xian)耦合演(yan)進趨勢(shi),推動(dong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)創新(xin)以前所未(wei)有的(de)(de)速度萌生(sheng)迭代,各種新(xin)型(xing)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)風(feng)險不(bu)可避免隨(sui)之伴生(sheng),對金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)不(bu)斷(duan)構成(cheng)新(xin)的(de)(de)挑戰(zhan)。因此(ci),必須(xu)統籌好(hao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)關系,充分認識(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)與安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)辯證統一(yi)性——既要在金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)體現(xian)風(feng)險底線和(he)(he)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)考量,也要在金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)包容金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)創新(xin)和(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),努力實現(xian)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)動(dong)態平(ping)衡(heng)。我們需要培(pei)育新(xin)時(shi)代的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)文化(hua)(hua),把底線意識(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)穩(wen)健審(shen)慎深植到金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)經營和(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)監管的(de)(de)每一(yi)個環節之中(zhong)。
習近平(ping)(ping)總書記指出,“中國(guo)式現(xian)(xian)代化既要創造比資(zi)本主義更高(gao)的(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv),又(you)要更有效(xiao)地維(wei)護社會(hui)公(gong)(gong)平(ping)(ping),更好(hao)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)與公(gong)(gong)平(ping)(ping)相兼顧、相促進、相統一(yi)”。這一(yi)論斷表明實(shi)現(xian)(xian)高(gao)質量發展必(bi)須(xu)統籌好(hao)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)和(he)公(gong)(gong)平(ping)(ping)。一(yi)方面,效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)是(shi)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)平(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)重要基(ji)礎。金(jin)(jin)融作(zuo)為國(guo)民(min)經濟的(de)(de)血脈,應積極(ji)流(liu)向社會(hui)經濟的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)領域,做好(hao)金(jin)(jin)融“五篇大文(wen)章”,為發展新質生產(chan)力注(zhu)入(ru)(ru)持(chi)久動能(neng),帶動社會(hui)全(quan)要素生產(chan)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)提高(gao)。另(ling)一(yi)方面,公(gong)(gong)平(ping)(ping)是(shi)提升效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)有力支撐(cheng)。金(jin)(jin)融業(ye)應自覺(jue)加強普惠(hui)性(xing)和(he)包容性(xing),打破金(jin)(jin)融“嫌貧愛富”的(de)(de)慣性(xing)思維(wei),降低準入(ru)(ru)門檻,使金(jin)(jin)融服務(wu)觸達(da)更多的(de)(de)低收入(ru)(ru)人(ren)群和(he)小微企業(ye)。因此,我們(men)需要積極(ji)培育中國(guo)特(te)色金(jin)(jin)融文(wen)化,一(yi)方面瞄準效(xiao)率(lv)(lv),以高(gao)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)金(jin)(jin)融供給服務(wu)國(guo)家發展戰略;另(ling)一(yi)方面注(zhu)重公(gong)(gong)平(ping)(ping),服務(wu)和(he)“讓(rang)利(li)”廣大群眾和(he)小微企業(ye)。
(二(er))中國特(te)色(se)金融文化(hua)內嵌于中國特(te)色(se)金融發展道(dao)路
習近平總書記(ji)將中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)發展(zhan)道(dao)路的(de)(de)基本(ben)(ben)要(yao)義概括為“八(ba)個堅持(chi)(chi)(chi)”。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),堅持(chi)(chi)(chi)黨中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央對金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)統一領導(dao)、堅持(chi)(chi)(chi)以(yi)人民為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)價(jia)值(zhi)取向是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)發展(zhan)之路的(de)(de)根(gen)本(ben)(ben)遵(zun)循;堅持(chi)(chi)(chi)把金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)服務(wu)(wu)實體經濟作(zuo)為根(gen)本(ben)(ben)宗旨(zhi)、堅持(chi)(chi)(chi)把防控風險作(zuo)為金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)永恒(heng)主(zhu)題(ti)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)發展(zhan)之路的(de)(de)核(he)(he)心(xin)任(ren)務(wu)(wu);堅持(chi)(chi)(chi)在市場(chang)化(hua)法治(zhi)化(hua)軌道(dao)上推進(jin)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)創新發展(zhan)、堅持(chi)(chi)(chi)深化(hua)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)供給(gei)側(ce)結構性(xing)改革、堅持(chi)(chi)(chi)統籌金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)開放和安全、堅持(chi)(chi)(chi)穩中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)求進(jin)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)總基調是(shi)必須長(chang)期堅持(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)重(zhong)大(da)原則。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)文化(hua)內(nei)嵌于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)發展(zhan)道(dao)路。因此,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)發展(zhan)道(dao)路的(de)(de)根(gen)本(ben)(ben)遵(zun)循、核(he)(he)心(xin)任(ren)務(wu)(wu)與(yu)重(zhong)大(da)原則,也決定(ding)了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)文化(hua)的(de)(de)價(jia)值(zhi)取向、核(he)(he)心(xin)主(zhu)題(ti)和實踐路徑(jing)。
第(di)一(yi),“根本遵(zun)循”決定了中國(guo)特色(se)金融(rong)文化(hua)的(de)價(jia)值取向。政(zheng)治性和人(ren)民(min)性是(shi)中國(guo)特色(se)金融(rong)文化(hua)最大(da)的(de)價(jia)值觀,一(yi)切是(shi)非、對錯、好(hao)壞、優劣都以之為根本準繩(sheng)。中國(guo)特色(se)金融(rong)文化(hua)的(de)根本在于堅持黨的(de)領導,以人(ren)民(min)的(de)美好(hao)生活為出發點(dian)和落腳點(dian)。
第二,“核心(xin)任務(wu)(wu)”揭(jie)示了中國(guo)特色金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)文(wen)化的兩(liang)大主題。中國(guo)特色金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)文(wen)化圍繞金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)工作服務(wu)(wu)實(shi)體經濟和(he)防范金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)風險兩(liang)大主題展開。二者共(gong)同引(yin)導(dao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)政策、金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)制度和(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)監管規(gui)則的制定,指(zhi)導(dao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)構確立職(zhi)責使(shi)命、戰(zhan)略目(mu)標和(he)實(shi)施路徑,指(zhi)導(dao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)從業(ye)人(ren)員明確職(zhi)業(ye)定位和(he)行(xing)為操守。
第三,“重大原(yuan)則(ze)”指明(ming)了中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實踐(jian)路徑。“重大原(yuan)則(ze)”系(xi)統(tong)總結了新(xin)(xin)時代金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)工(gong)作(zuo)正確處(chu)理(li)改(gai)革(ge)、發展和(he)穩(wen)定三者關系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基本經(jing)驗,也指明(ming)了發揮中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)引領作(zuo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“用(yong)武之(zhi)地(di)”,包括金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)創新(xin)(xin)和(he)發展、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)革(ge)開(kai)放(fang)以及金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)穩(wen)定等方面。堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)在(zai)市場化(hua)(hua)法(fa)治化(hua)(hua)軌道上推進(jin)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)創新(xin)(xin)發展,要(yao)(yao)求我們(men)培育有效指導金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)經(jing)營和(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)治理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優質(zhi)創新(xin)(xin)文(wen)化(hua)(hua),強調守(shou)正創新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)性和(he)依法(fa)合(he)規的(de)(de)(de)(de)底線要(yao)(yao)求;堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)深化(hua)(hua)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)供(gong)給側結構(gou)性改(gai)革(ge)、堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)統(tong)籌金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)開(kai)放(fang)和(he)安全(quan)、堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)穩(wen)中(zhong)求進(jin)工(gong)作(zuo)總基調則(ze)分別要(yao)(yao)求我們(men)結合(he)風(feng)險防范主題,在(zai)推進(jin)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)改(gai)革(ge)開(kai)放(fang)和(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)治理(li)中(zhong)貫穿穩(wen)健審(shen)慎的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則(ze)。
“兩個結合(he)”是中國(guo)特(te)色金融(rong)文化的思想(xiang)基礎
習(xi)近平總書記(ji)深刻指出,中(zhong)(zhong)國特色的(de)(de)(de)關鍵就在于(yu)“兩個(ge)結合(he)”。這表明,中(zhong)(zhong)國特色金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)文(wen)化當中(zhong)(zhong)蘊(yun)含的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)國特色,并不是(shi)(shi)(shi)馬克(ke)思主(zhu)義基本理(li)論(lun)的(de)(de)(de)移植(zhi),也不是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)經營(ying)和金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)治理(li)文(wen)化的(de)(de)(de)再現(xian),而是(shi)(shi)(shi)將優秀傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)文(wen)化注(zhu)入(ru)現(xian)代金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)理(li)論(lun),實現(xian)本土(tu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統貨(huo)幣金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)智(zhi)慧與現(xian)代金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)理(li)論(lun)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)機結合(he)。這種結合(he)不是(shi)(shi)(shi)拉郎(lang)配式的(de)(de)(de)拼湊,不是(shi)(shi)(shi)簡單的(de)(de)(de)“物(wu)理(li)反應(ying)”,而是(shi)(shi)(shi)深刻的(de)(de)(de)“化學反應(ying)”。
(一(yi))中華(hua)優秀傳統文化(hua)是中國(guo)特色金融(rong)文化(hua)之根
習近(jin)平總書記指出:“如果沒有中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)五千年文(wen)明(ming),哪里有什么中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特色(se)?”這(zhe)一論(lun)斷指明(ming)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特色(se)金(jin)融文(wen)化必(bi)然脫(tuo)胎于中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)文(wen)明(ming)和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)優秀傳(chuan)統(tong)文(wen)化:其一方面繼承了中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)優秀傳(chuan)統(tong)文(wen)化的(de)思想精髓,另一方面也汲取(qu)了我國(guo)傳(chuan)統(tong)金(jin)融經(jing)營與治理(li)經(jing)驗。
1.中華優秀傳(chuan)統文化的思(si)想精髓(sui)
中(zhong)華傳統文化(hua)源遠(yuan)流(liu)長、博大精(jing)深。其中(zhong)以人為(wei)(wei)本的(de)價值(zhi)觀(guan),崇尚中(zhong)庸的(de)方法論以及注重個人道德修(xiu)為(wei)(wei)的(de)處世法則對(dui)于培育中(zhong)國特色金融文化(hua)具有突出意(yi)義。
第一,以人(ren)為(wei)本、以民(min)為(wei)本。《尚書(shu)·大禹謨》說:“正(zheng)德、利用(yong)、厚(hou)生(sheng),惟(wei)和(he)”。春(chun)秋時(shi)期思想(xiang)家將其總結為(wei)圣王“三(san)事”并作了進一步闡發(fa):“正(zheng)德以率(lv)(lv)下(xia),利用(yong)以阜財,厚(hou)生(sheng)以養民(min),三(san)者(zhe)和(he),所謂善政”。(《尚書(shu)正(zheng)義》)“三(san)事”承載著中華(hua)文明古老(lao)的價值理念,很(hen)早就成為(wei)中國歷(li)代國家和(he)社(she)會的基本原(yuan)則,經(jing)過現代詮(quan)釋(shi)后,依然(ran)對(dui)社(she)會發(fa)展(zhan)具有(you)指導意義。“正(zheng)德以率(lv)(lv)下(xia)”是要建(jian)立社(she)會的“合(he)德性”(類比合(he)法性與合(he)理性)標準;“利用(yong)以阜財”是支持正(zheng)德的工具或(huo)手段;“厚(hou)生(sheng)以養民(min)”是正(zheng)德、利用(yong)的旨(zhi)歸和(he)自然(ran)結果。“三(san)者(zhe)和(he)”要求金(jin)融(rong)發(fa)展(zhan)以人(ren)民(min)為(wei)中心,發(fa)揮好服務實體經(jing)濟(“阜財”)的作用(yong),厚(hou)澤(ze)民(min)生(sheng)、切實提升(sheng)金(jin)融(rong)服務的普惠性、扎實推動共同富裕(yu)。
第二,崇尚“執中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”或(huo)“致中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)”的(de)(de)方法論(lun)(lun)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)作為方法論(lun)(lun)和(he)實踐原(yuan)則(ze),著眼于矛盾(dun)雙方的(de)(de)統一(yi),強調事物發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)和(he)穩定的(de)(de)一(yi)面,不(bu)僅深(shen)刻影響(xiang)了幾千年來中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)思維方式和(he)道德標(biao)準,也在日用(yong)(yong)不(bu)覺中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)潛移默化地塑造(zao)了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古代經濟金融(rong)(rong)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)特色。金融(rong)(rong)領域(yu),“執中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”或(huo)“致中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)”的(de)(de)代表當(dang)屬《管子》的(de)(de)“輕重論(lun)(lun)”。《管子·國(guo)蓄》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)認為:“凡輕重之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大利(li),以(yi)重射(she)輕,以(yi)賤泄平(ping)(ping),萬物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)滿(man)虛隨財準平(ping)(ping)而(er)不(bu)變,衡(heng)(heng)絕則(ze)重見。人(ren)(ren)君知其(qi)然,故守(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)準平(ping)(ping)。”實質(zhi)上(shang)是利(li)用(yong)(yong)市場規律達(da)(da)到一(yi)種動(dong)態平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)。傳(chuan)統文化中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蘊含的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)思想落實到具(ju)體(ti)實踐上(shang),落實到金融(rong)(rong)發(fa)展(zhan)上(shang),就(jiu)是通過(guo)權(quan)衡(heng)(heng)達(da)(da)到動(dong)態最(zui)優(you)。具(ju)體(ti)來說(shuo)就(jiu)是在義與(yu)(yu)利(li)、快與(yu)(yu)慢、發(fa)展(zhan)與(yu)(yu)安全(quan)、德治與(yu)(yu)法治、守(shou)正與(yu)(yu)創新等重要(yao)關系中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)實現(xian)真正的(de)(de)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)”。
第三(san),注重個人(ren)(ren)道(dao)德修(xiu)為(wei)。錢穆在(zai)《國(guo)史新論(lun)》中(zhong)提出:“(中(zhong)國(guo))兩(liang)千四百年,士(shi)之一階(jie)層,進(jin)于(yu)上,則干濟政治。退于(yu)下,則主持教育,鼓(gu)舞(wu)風氣。在(zai)上為(wei)士(shi)大夫,在(zai)下為(wei)士(shi)君子,于(yu)人(ren)(ren)倫修(xiu)養中(zhong)產出學(xue)術,再(zai)由學(xue)術領導政治。”士(shi)是(shi)一種兼具現實(shi)性和超越(yue)性的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化。曾子強(qiang)調的(de)(de)“吾(wu)日三(san)省(sheng)吾(wu)身”(《論(lun)語·述而》)、“士(shi)不可以(yi)不弘毅”(《論(lun)語·泰伯》)等是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)不變的(de)(de)精(jing)神(shen)追求。中(zhong)華優秀傳統文(wen)(wen)化對個人(ren)(ren)道(dao)德的(de)(de)推崇決(jue)定了中(zhong)國(guo)特(te)色金融文(wen)(wen)化的(de)(de)關注重點之一是(shi)金融從(cong)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)思想境界和行(xing)為(wei)操(cao)守。以(yi)傳統士(shi)人(ren)(ren)“修(xiu)齊治平”的(de)(de)理想順序(xu)來衡量,對于(yu)金融從(cong)業(ye)者來說,誠實(shi)守信、依法合規是(shi)底線要求。
2.傳(chuan)統中國的金融思想文化
在實踐方面,中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)在西周時期就已(yi)出(chu)現(xian)了(le)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)儲備和(he)(he)調控機(ji)構“泉(quan)府”;到北宋(song)(song)時,在四(si)川地區(qu)產生(sheng)了(le)世界上最早的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紙幣(bi)(bi)(bi)“交子”;再到南宋(song)(song)時,政(zheng)(zheng)府發給鹽商可轉賣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鹽引,以(yi)其為(wei)基(ji)礎,形成了(le)國(guo)(guo)債發行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雛形;到元(yuan)代(dai),雖然是少(shao)數(shu)民族(zu)政(zheng)(zheng)權,但政(zheng)(zheng)府更進一步干預金(jin)融(rong)領(ling)域,建立并短暫維系(xi)了(le)具有(you)現(xian)代(dai)特征的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儲備貨(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)治理體系(xi)。在思(si)(si)想(xiang)方面,先后出(chu)現(xian)了(le)管子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輕重(zhong)論、司馬遷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)起(qi)源說(shuo)、王莽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利息說(shuo)、沈括(kuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)流通(tong)(tong)速度(du)說(shuo)、袁燮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)論劣幣(bi)(bi)(bi)驅逐良(liang)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)等論述和(he)(he)觀點(dian)。由于中(zhong)華文明突出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)續性,這些思(si)(si)想(xiang)智慧塑(su)造著服務于中(zhong)華民族(zu)現(xian)代(dai)文明生(sheng)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)代(dai)金(jin)融(rong)體系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史文化(hua)(hua)根基(ji)。通(tong)(tong)過考察中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)金(jin)融(rong)史和(he)(he)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)金(jin)融(rong)思(si)(si)想(xiang)史,我們發現(xian)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)融(rong)實踐和(he)(he)金(jin)融(rong)思(si)(si)想(xiang)可以(yi)歸為(wei)兩(liang)類,即金(jin)融(rong)經營文化(hua)(hua)與(yu)金(jin)融(rong)治理文化(hua)(hua),前者(zhe)注重(zhong)信義,后者(zhe)注重(zhong)穩定。
一(yi)是(shi)注重(zhong)信(xin)(xin)義(yi)的(de)(de)(de)金融(rong)經營文化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。中(zhong)(zhong)國民間(jian)金融(rong)市場有著悠久的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)歷史,早在夏商時期(qi)(qi)就出現(xian)(xian)了宗族內(nei)部的(de)(de)(de)借(jie)貸活動,至南北(bei)朝時期(qi)(qi)已出現(xian)(xian)兼營信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)業務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)機構——寺(si)院,以(yi)(yi)及專門從事典當業務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)質庫。以(yi)(yi)南北(bei)朝為起(qi)點,中(zhong)(zhong)國傳統(tong)(tong)民間(jian)金融(rong)業經歷了長達十五個世(shi)紀(ji)的(de)(de)(de)漫長演化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),取得了一(yi)系列的(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)新成果。元代(dai)以(yi)(yi)后,中(zhong)(zhong)國民間(jian)金融(rong)業的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)顯著快于官方。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong),明代(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)晚期(qi)(qi)出現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)錢(qian)(qian)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)和(he)清(qing)代(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)葉出現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)票(piao)號是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國傳統(tong)(tong)社會晚期(qi)(qi)最重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)兩種(zhong)金融(rong)組織(zhi)。這些組織(zhi)在其(qi)發(fa)展(zhan)過程中(zhong)(zhong)內(nei)生(sheng)出了相近的(de)(de)(de)金融(rong)經營文化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。錢(qian)(qian)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)和(he)票(piao)號都(dou)追求自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)“信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)昭著”,并以(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)為榮(rong)。以(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)業為例(li)。錢(qian)(qian)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)與小型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)質押店不(bu)同,專注于信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)放款,很少接受商戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)抵押。傳統(tong)(tong)錢(qian)(qian)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)控既依(yi)靠(kao)靜態的(de)(de)(de)“跑街(jie)”(即實地的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)調查),也依(yi)賴更加動態的(de)(de)(de)錢(qian)(qian)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)與商戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)“交情”。盡管這種(zhong)經營方式仍具有人格化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)交易的(de)(de)(de)色彩,不(bu)利于金融(rong)業務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)范圍拓展(zhan)和(he)內(nei)涵深化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),但也反映了中(zhong)(zhong)國傳統(tong)(tong)金融(rong)信(xin)(xin)義(yi)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)基本特點。此(ci)(ci)外,資力雄(xiong)厚的(de)(de)(de)錢(qian)(qian)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)也對外發(fa)行莊(zhuang)(zhuang)票(piao)(具有準貨幣職能)。莊(zhuang)(zhuang)票(piao)的(de)(de)(de)流通全憑錢(qian)(qian)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)支(zhi)撐(cheng)。
二是注重(zhong)穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)融(rong)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)文(wen)(wen)化。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古代金(jin)融(rong)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)長期存在“政(zheng)治(zhi)導(dao)向(xiang)”和(he)“效(xiao)率導(dao)向(xiang)”兩種(zhong)競(jing)爭(zheng)性導(dao)向(xiang)。所謂政(zheng)治(zhi)導(dao)向(xiang)主(zhu)要是指限制(zhi)金(jin)融(rong)活動(dong),不(bu)使其(qi)動(dong)搖國(guo)(guo)家穩定(ding);而效(xiao)率導(dao)向(xiang),由于古代沒有經濟增長或經濟發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概(gai)念(nian),主(zhu)要是指政(zheng)府利用(yong)金(jin)融(rong)活動(dong),增加(jia)財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)收入,達到“理(li)(li)(li)財(cai)(cai)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。對此,歷代政(zheng)府多采用(yong)正(zheng)(zheng)式(shi)制(zhi)度(du)(du)和(he)非正(zheng)(zheng)式(shi)制(zhi)度(du)(du)相結合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)措施。其(qi)中(zhong)正(zheng)(zheng)式(shi)制(zhi)度(du)(du)包括通過(guo)價(jia)格(ge)管制(zhi)限制(zhi)金(jin)融(rong)業利得;通過(guo)發(fa)展官(guan)營資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben),直接參與資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)運作等(deng)。非正(zheng)(zheng)式(shi)制(zhi)度(du)(du)則包括有意降低(di)商(shang)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)地位,利用(yong)儒家價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)觀(guan)(guan)引導(dao)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)“向(xiang)善”以及鼓勵(li)民間資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)積極承擔社會(hui)責(ze)任,等(deng)等(deng)。從中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)可(ke)以看(kan)出,中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)融(rong)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)文(wen)(wen)化注重(zhong)維護社會(hui)穩定(ding),注重(zhong)通過(guo)較為“柔性”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)觀(guan)(guan)建設引導(dao)金(jin)融(rong)發(fa)展。但過(guo)分強調倫理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“財(cai)(cai)富觀(guan)(guan)”、僵化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“重(zhong)農(nong)抑商(shang)”文(wen)(wen)化等(deng)值(zhi)(zhi)得反思。因此,培(pei)育中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色金(jin)融(rong)文(wen)(wen)化需要去蕪(wu)存菁,在優秀傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)文(wen)(wen)化中(zhong)汲取養分。
(二)馬(ma)克思主義理論是中國特色金融(rong)文化(hua)之魂
馬(ma)克思(si)主義(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指導使中(zhong)華文(wen)明樸素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)主義(yi)元素在新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時代條件下(xia)被激活、繼承和發(fa)揚,實現了從(cong)以民為本(ben)到人民至上(shang)(shang)(shang)、從(cong)厚生富(fu)(fu)民到共(gong)同富(fu)(fu)裕(yu)、從(cong)義(yi)利(li)兼(jian)顧到以義(yi)取利(li)等一系列創造性轉化(hua)和創新性發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。具體來說,人民性作(zuo)為馬(ma)克思(si)主義(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)質(zhi)屬性,從(cong)根(gen)本(ben)上(shang)(shang)(shang)決定了中(zhong)國(guo)特(te)色金融(rong)文(wen)化(hua)以人民為中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價值取向;經濟基礎(chu)與上(shang)(shang)(shang)層建筑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矛盾運動(dong)及(ji)其規律(lv)揭(jie)示了中(zhong)國(guo)特(te)色金融(rong)文(wen)化(hua)作(zuo)為上(shang)(shang)(shang)層建筑對金融(rong)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong);馬(ma)克思(si)主義(yi)金融(rong)理論對于金融(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地位、性質(zhi)、作(zuo)用(yong)和與實體經濟關聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)明確認識則為中(zhong)國(guo)特(te)色金融(rong)文(wen)化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)指明了方向。
1.人(ren)民性(xing)是馬克(ke)思主義政治經(jing)濟學(xue)的本質特征
人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)性是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)馬(ma)克思主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治經濟(ji)學(xue)最鮮明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特征(zheng),從(cong)其(qi)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)發(fa)點到研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)對象(xiang),再到探(tan)尋人(ren)(ren)(ren)類徹底解(jie)放的(de)(de)(de)(de)理論旨(zhi)歸,無不體現出(chu)(chu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)立場。人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)群眾是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)歷(li)(li)史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)創造者(zhe)。馬(ma)克思指(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu):“人(ren)(ren)(ren)們自(zi)己(ji)(ji)創造自(zi)己(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史(shi)。”恩格斯則強調:“人(ren)(ren)(ren)們總(zong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通過每一(yi)個人(ren)(ren)(ren)追求他自(zi)己(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、自(zi)覺(jue)預期的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)來(lai)創造他們的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史(shi),而這許多按不同方向活動的(de)(de)(de)(de)愿望及其(qi)對外部世界(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各種各樣作(zuo)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)合力,就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)歷(li)(li)史(shi)。”馬(ma)克思主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)唯物(wu)史(shi)觀強調人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)至(zhi)上(shang)(shang),指(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)培(pei)育(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)國特色(se)金融(rong)文化(hua)(hua)必須堅(jian)持(chi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)立場。馬(ma)克思在(zai)《〈政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治經濟(ji)學(xue)批判(pan)〉序言》開宗(zong)明(ming)義(yi)指(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu),擺在(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治經濟(ji)學(xue)面(mian)(mian)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)“首(shou)(shou)先是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)質生產”,因為人(ren)(ren)(ren)要(yao)(yao)(yao)生存,“首(shou)(shou)先就需要(yao)(yao)(yao)吃喝住穿以及其(qi)他一(yi)些東西”,而生產生活資料(liao)和生產資料(liao)正(zheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)滿足這些需要(yao)(yao)(yao)。金融(rong)作(zuo)為“國之大(da)者(zhe)”在(zai)本(ben)質上(shang)(shang)也(ye)服務于這些需要(yao)(yao)(yao),因此守(shou)正(zheng)創新、不脫實向虛是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國特色(se)金融(rong)文化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應有之義(yi)。馬(ma)克思政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治經濟(ji)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)終極指(zhi)(zhi)向是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)由全(quan)面(mian)(mian)發(fa)展。馬(ma)克思主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治經濟(ji)學(xue)對勞(lao)動異(yi)(yi)(yi)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)不僅針對勞(lao)動異(yi)(yi)(yi)化(hua)(hua)本(ben)身(shen),也(ye)高度關注人(ren)(ren)(ren)與人(ren)(ren)(ren)關系的(de)(de)(de)(de)“異(yi)(yi)(yi)化(hua)(hua)”。金融(rong)從(cong)業者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)動由于靠近資本(ben),被異(yi)(yi)(yi)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可能性和程度都更大(da),因此培(pei)育(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)國特色(se)金融(rong)文化(hua)(hua),應從(cong)避免金融(rong)從(cong)業者(zhe)勞(lao)動異(yi)(yi)(yi)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)視(shi)角出(chu)(chu)發(fa),倡導以義(yi)取利(li)。
2.經濟(ji)基礎(chu)與上層(ceng)建筑(zhu)之間的辯證關(guan)系
經(jing)(jing)濟基(ji)(ji)礎與上層(ceng)建(jian)筑矛盾(dun)運動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)律,是(shi)人類社會(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個基(ji)(ji)本規(gui)律。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),經(jing)(jing)濟基(ji)(ji)礎是(shi)指由社會(hui)(hui)(hui)一(yi)定發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)階段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)力所(suo)決定的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)關(guan)(guan)系的(de)(de)(de)總和,上層(ceng)建(jian)筑是(shi)建(jian)立在一(yi)定經(jing)(jing)濟基(ji)(ji)礎之(zhi)(zhi)上的(de)(de)(de)意識形(xing)態以及與之(zhi)(zhi)相適應的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)度、組織和設施(shi),文(wen)(wen)化是(shi)其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要內容,一(yi)直“無形(xing)勝有(you)形(xing)”地深深扎根于經(jing)(jing)濟政治社會(hui)(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)程度必然受到經(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)約。如果沒(mei)有(you)經(jing)(jing)濟建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)支撐,文(wen)(wen)化建(jian)設就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)因缺乏物質(zhi)基(ji)(ji)礎而(er)成為無源之(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)、無本之(zhi)(zhi)木。因此,培(pei)育金(jin)融(rong)文(wen)(wen)化,既不能(neng)(neng)脫(tuo)離經(jing)(jing)濟基(ji)(ji)礎,也不能(neng)(neng)背離經(jing)(jing)濟金(jin)融(rong)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)需求。而(er)金(jin)融(rong)文(wen)(wen)化則會(hui)(hui)(hui)通過金(jin)融(rong)的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值觀、信念(nian)和行為規(gui)范等具體地反作用(yong)于經(jing)(jing)濟建(jian)設。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),先進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化、優秀的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化能(neng)(neng)夠為經(jing)(jing)濟建(jian)設提(ti)供更為強勁的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)力,更加有(you)力地促(cu)進(jin)經(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、提(ti)高(gao)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)生產(chan)力水(shui)平。正(zheng)如習近平總書記所(suo)強調:“提(ti)高(gao)國家(jia)文(wen)(wen)化軟(ruan)實力,不僅(jin)關(guan)(guan)系我國在世(shi)界文(wen)(wen)化格局中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)定位,而(er)且關(guan)(guan)系我國國際地位和國際影響力,關(guan)(guan)系‘兩(liang)個一(yi)百年’奮斗目(mu)標和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華民族偉大復興中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國夢的(de)(de)(de)實現。”培(pei)育中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國特色(se)金(jin)融(rong)文(wen)(wen)化,作為增強金(jin)融(rong)軟(ruan)實力,激發(fa)“日用(yong)而(er)不覺”、深沉持久力量的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要舉(ju)措(cuo),在當前加快建(jian)設金(jin)融(rong)強國、積極參與金(jin)融(rong)領(ling)域國際競爭中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大有(you)可為。
總之(zhi),馬克(ke)思主(zhu)義(yi)金融(rong)理論指明在社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)市(shi)場經濟(ji)體制下,資本(ben)(ben)是(shi)帶(dai)動各類生產要素配置的重要紐帶(dai),是(shi)促進社(she)會(hui)生產力發展的重要力量(liang),但(dan)同時(shi)由于其具有逐利本(ben)(ben)性,如不(bu)加管理和(he)約束(shu),就會(hui)給經濟(ji)社(she)會(hui)帶(dai)來不(bu)可估量(liang)的危害。這決定了中(zhong)國(guo)特色金融(rong)文化的“用武之(zhi)地(di)”,即服(fu)務(wu)于規范和(he)引導(dao)我國(guo)資本(ben)(ben)健(jian)康發展:一是(shi)治理各種金融(rong)亂(luan)象,不(bu)使資本(ben)(ben)胡(hu)作非為;二是(shi)服(fu)務(wu)實體經濟(ji),防止(zhi)脫實向虛(xu)。
中國特色(se)金(jin)融(rong)文(wen)化的(de)實(shi)踐要(yao)求
中(zhong)央金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)工作會議指出(chu),我國(guo)(guo)“金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)領域各種矛盾和(he)(he)(he)問題相互交織、相互影響,有(you)的(de)還很突出(chu),經濟金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)風險(xian)隱患仍然較多(duo),金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)服務(wu)實(shi)體(ti)經濟的(de)質(zhi)效不(bu)高,金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)亂(luan)象和(he)(he)(he)腐敗問題屢禁不(bu)止,金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)監(jian)管(guan)和(he)(he)(he)治理能力(li)薄(bo)弱”。這(zhe)些問題和(he)(he)(he)亂(luan)象的(de)存在,不(bu)僅嚴重(zhong)威脅金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)秩序和(he)(he)(he)社會穩(wen)定(ding),也(ye)極大限制了金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)服務(wu)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)式現代化(hua)的(de)質(zhi)效。究其原因,既(ji)有(you)制度的(de)因素,也(ye)有(you)人的(de)問題。具體(ti)來(lai)說就是金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)從業人員不(bu)守(shou)規(gui)矩,忽視規(gui)律。正如(ru)習近平總書記所(suo)強調的(de),防(fang)范化(hua)解金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)風險(xian)首先要“管(guan)住人”。“管(guan)住人”既(ji)要依靠法(fa)律制度的(de)“硬約束”,也(ye)要用好文化(hua)的(de)力(li)量。
(一)筑牢規矩意識
規(gui)矩(ju)是(shi)(shi)底線。培育中國特色金融文化,重點(dian)是(shi)(shi)筑牢規(gui)矩(ju)意識(shi),積(ji)極(ji)發揮(hui)倫(lun)理與法(fa)理、德治與法(fa)治的各自優(you)勢和組合效能(neng)。
誠(cheng)實守(shou)信(xin)(xin),不逾越(yue)底線。信(xin)(xin)用是現(xian)代金(jin)融的(de)(de)(de)基石,不僅(jin)是誠(cheng)信(xin)(xin)意(yi)識與守(shou)約踐諾(nuo)的(de)(de)(de)道德修養(yang),也是人與人之間、社(she)會機(ji)構之間、商(shang)(shang)品(pin)或貨幣(bi)交易之間形成的(de)(de)(de)一種相互信(xin)(xin)任的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)關系(xi)和社(she)會關系(xi),反映了(le)社(she)會成員(yuan)獲得他(ta)人信(xin)(xin)任的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)本,被(bei)認為是“最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)社(she)會資(zi)本”。如前(qian)所述,中(zhong)國古代金(jin)融經營文化最重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)征就是注重信(xin)(xin)義(yi),誠(cheng)信(xin)(xin)位(wei)居(ju)首位(wei)。票號、錢莊(zhuang)等新(xin)金(jin)融組織的(de)(de)(de)出現(xian),將中(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)用體系(xi)和信(xin)(xin)用文化推向了(le)一個新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)高度,由此(ci)帶來了(le)商(shang)(shang)業利率的(de)(de)(de)下降,促(cu)進了(le)當時商(shang)(shang)品(pin)經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)繁榮。這在一定程度上(shang)表明金(jin)融機(ji)構信(xin)(xin)用水平的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)升有助(zhu)于(yu)直接(jie)降低(di)資(zi)金(jin)供需雙方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)任成本,提升金(jin)融市場流動性和效(xiao)率,對于(yu)實體經濟(ji)發展具(ju)有積極影(ying)響。
依法(fa)合(he)(he)規,不(bu)胡作(zuo)非為(wei)(wei)。金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)業和(he)貨幣(bi)打(da)交道,天然(ran)(ran)面臨(lin)著較高的(de)(de)(de)道德(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險和(he)操作(zuo)風(feng)險,想要(yao)讓其(qi)不(bu)胡作(zuo)非為(wei)(wei),必須禮(li)法(fa)結合(he)(he)、德(de)(de)(de)法(fa)共治(zhi)(zhi)。所謂“禮(li)者禁于將然(ran)(ran)之(zhi)前,而(er)法(fa)者禁于已然(ran)(ran)之(zhi)后”,德(de)(de)(de)治(zhi)(zhi)與法(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)組合(he)(he)拳方能最大化治(zhi)(zhi)理效能。一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面,要(yao)運用法(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)手段解決道德(de)(de)(de)領域突出問題。完(wan)善金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)立法(fa),加強金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)執(zhi)法(fa),讓金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)監(jian)管“長(chang)牙帶刺(ci)”,“處理一(yi)(yi)(yi)案,教育一(yi)(yi)(yi)片”;另一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面,要(yao)發揮好道德(de)(de)(de)對法(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)支撐作(zuo)用。大力(li)弘揚社會主義(yi)核心價值觀,弘揚中華傳統美德(de)(de)(de),培育職業道德(de)(de)(de)和(he)個(ge)人道德(de)(de)(de)。讓金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機構(gou)和(he)從業人員嚴格遵(zun)紀守法(fa),在監(jian)管許可的(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)內依法(fa)經營,不(bu)鉆(zhan)制(zhi)度和(he)法(fa)律的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)子,不(bu)“打(da)擦邊球”,更不(bu)能撞紅線(xian)、沖底線(xian),游走(zou)于法(fa)外,同時也要(yao)使其(qi)從心底尊崇法(fa)律、敬畏法(fa)律,使依法(fa)合(he)(he)規成為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)自覺。
(二)強化規律意識
規律是方向。培育中國(guo)特色(se)金(jin)融文(wen)化,另一重點是深刻(ke)把(ba)握(wo)經濟金(jin)融發展規律,不斷強化規律意(yi)識。其核心(xin)在于(yu)把(ba)握(wo)好三對關(guan)系,即義與利、快與穩、守正與創新(xin)的關(guan)系。
以(yi)(yi)義(yi)取(qu)利(li)(li)(li)(li),不(bu)唯利(li)(li)(li)(li)是(shi)圖。金(jin)融(rong)(rong)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)營利(li)(li)(li)(li)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙重特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing),如何平衡這兩種特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)人類面(mian)臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)同課題。中(zhong)國(guo)古代(dai)“義(yi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)之辨(bian)”有(you)(you)(you)(you)著相對(dui)特(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)軌跡,從孔(kong)孟時代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“不(bu)言利(li)(li)(li)(li)”,到(dao)中(zhong)古時期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“重義(yi)絕利(li)(li)(li)(li)”,再到(dao)明末以(yi)(yi)后商幫(bang)文化(hua)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“以(yi)(yi)義(yi)為(wei)利(li)(li)(li)(li)”“以(yi)(yi)義(yi)制利(li)(li)(li)(li)”,伴隨商品(pin)經(jing)(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan),人們對(dui)于義(yi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)辯(bian)證(zheng)關系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識愈(yu)發朝(chao)著有(you)(you)(you)(you)利(li)(li)(li)(li)于生產力(li)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方向不(bu)斷深(shen)化(hua)。新時代(dai)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)業(ye)(ye)要樹立正確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)義(yi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)觀:第(di)一是(shi)充分認識義(yi)與利(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統一性(xing)(xing)(xing)。只有(you)(you)(you)(you)義(yi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)兼(jian)顧,才(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)義(yi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)兼(jian)得;只有(you)(you)(you)(you)義(yi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)平衡,才(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)義(yi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)共(gong)(gong)贏。任何只顧自(zi)身短期(qi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)益(yi),不(bu)看長遠(yuan)、不(bu)管他人、不(bu)顧大局的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行為(wei)最終都會(hui)造成“反噬”;第(di)二是(shi)發揮好(hao)基(ji)本功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng),以(yi)(yi)義(yi)取(qu)利(li)(li)(li)(li)。金(jin)融(rong)(rong)是(shi)國(guo)民經(jing)(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)血(xue)脈,具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)配置(zhi)資源、管理風(feng)險以(yi)(yi)服務實體經(jing)(jing)濟發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。金(jin)融(rong)(rong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“義(yi)”是(shi)在(zai)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)機(ji)構主(zhu)動讓利(li)(li)(li)(li)、金(jin)融(rong)(rong)從業(ye)(ye)人員(yuan)不(bu)謀私(si)利(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“道義(yi)”,更是(shi)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)業(ye)(ye)發揮好(hao)自(zi)身功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng),為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)式現代(dai)化(hua)提供有(you)(you)(you)(you)力(li)支撐(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“大義(yi)”,是(shi)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“社會(hui)價(jia)值”所在(zai)。經(jing)(jing)濟金(jin)融(rong)(rong)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)共(gong)(gong)生共(gong)(gong)榮(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi),因此金(jin)融(rong)(rong)業(ye)(ye)要學會(hui)算“大賬(zhang)”,堅持(chi)在(zai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)服務經(jing)(jing)濟社會(hui)發展(zhan)中(zhong)創(chuang)造價(jia)值和(he)(he)利(li)(li)(li)(li)潤(run),追求社會(hui)效(xiao)益(yi)和(he)(he)經(jing)(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統一。換句話說,金(jin)融(rong)(rong)業(ye)(ye)明“大義(yi)”,社會(hui)才(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)取(qu)“大利(li)(li)(li)(li)”。
穩(wen)健(jian)審(shen)(shen)慎,不急功近利。金(jin)(jin)融(rong)業(ye)是通(tong)過識別風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)、度(du)量風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)、管(guan)理(li)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)和(he)處(chu)置(zhi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)來獲取收益的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)業(ye),天然(ran)具有(you)高(gao)負(fu)債經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)、高(gao)杠桿、高(gao)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)的(de)(de)(de)特點,這決(jue)定了防(fang)范(fan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)是金(jin)(jin)融(rong)發展的(de)(de)(de)永(yong)恒主題,而審(shen)(shen)慎文(wen)化是金(jin)(jin)融(rong)文(wen)化的(de)(de)(de)核心要(yao)素之(zhi)(zhi)一。第(di)一,穩(wen)健(jian)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)才(cai)能(neng)行(xing)穩(wen)致遠(yuan)。金(jin)(jin)融(rong)機構應樹立(li)正確的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)觀(guan)、業(ye)績觀(guan)和(he)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)觀(guan),在追求業(ye)務增長的(de)(de)(de)同時(shi),不能(neng)放松(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)控制,要(yao)注重(zhong)審(shen)(shen)時(shi)度(du)勢,及(ji)時(shi)調整經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)戰略。否則“潮水退去就知道誰(shui)在裸泳(yong)”;第(di)二(er),審(shen)(shen)慎監管(guan)才(cai)能(neng)守住底線。新中國(guo)成立(li)以(yi)來,我們黨領導人(ren)民創造了世所(suo)罕見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟快速發展奇(qi)跡和(he)社會長期穩(wen)定奇(qi)跡,重(zhong)要(yao)原因之(zhi)(zhi)一在于一直把處(chu)理(li)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)、防(fang)范(fan)應對系(xi)統性風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)作(zuo)為思維“底線”。當前(qian)在我國(guo)向金(jin)(jin)融(rong)強國(guo)邁(mai)進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)過程中,更要(yao)堅持這種底線思維,堅持“穩(wen)”字當頭、穩(wen)中求進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)基調,不斷提升金(jin)(jin)融(rong)治理(li)體系(xi)防(fang)控風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)。
守正(zheng)創新(xin)(xin)(xin),不脫實向虛(xu)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)必須堅(jian)持守正(zheng)為(wei)前提,不能(neng)偽創新(xin)(xin)(xin)和(he)亂創新(xin)(xin)(xin)。第(di)(di)一,金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)有(you)好壞之分,評(ping)判標準就是(shi)能(neng)否更(geng)好服務實體經濟,更(geng)好服務人民群眾(zhong)。回顧近(jin)代金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)發(fa)展(zhan)史,部分所謂的(de)(de)“創新(xin)(xin)(xin)”只(zhi)是(shi)以(yi)逐利為(wei)目的(de)(de),費盡心(xin)機(ji)逃(tao)避(bi)監管的(de)(de)產(chan)物,不僅違背金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)初心(xin)和(he)使(shi)命,還造(zao)成風險過度積聚,甚(shen)至誘發(fa)系統性(xing)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)危機(ji)。比如美國金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)過度創新(xin)(xin)(xin)和(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)衍(yan)生品(pin)的(de)(de)濫用(yong)是(shi)2008年全球金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)危機(ji)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要誘因。第(di)(di)二,金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)應(ying)瞄準實體經濟發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)關鍵點。金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)機(ji)構應(ying)以(yi)真創新(xin)(xin)(xin)引領實體經濟各領域的(de)(de)真發(fa)展(zhan)。具體來(lai)說應(ying)有(you)的(de)(de)放矢地將更(geng)多金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)源用(yong)于促進科技創新(xin)(xin)(xin)、先進制造(zao)、綠(lv)色發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)中小微企業等方面,把創新(xin)(xin)(xin)落到實處。
中國特色(se)金融(rong)文化的發(fa)展(zhan)方向(xiang)
積極培育中(zhong)國(guo)特色金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)文化,是提高金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)服務實體(ti)經濟質效、有效防范化解金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)風險、提高金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)國(guo)際競爭(zheng)力和(he)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)軟(ruan)實力的(de)必然要求,更是推(tui)動金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)高質量發展(zhan),建設(she)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)強(qiang)國(guo)的(de)必然要求。因此我們(men)不僅要重視中(zhong)國(guo)特色金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)文化本身的(de)創新(xin)發展(zhan),更要“發揮好”金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)文化的(de)獨特作(zuo)用,尤其是通過(guo)服務構建中(zhong)國(guo)特色現代金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)體(ti)系、培育強(qiang)大金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)人(ren)才隊伍,為金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)強(qiang)國(guo)建設(she)提供文化滋養。
(一)突出(chu)“第二個結合(he)”,不斷(duan)發展中(zhong)國(guo)特色金融文化
積(ji)極培(pei)育中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特色金(jin)融文(wen)化(hua)(hua),應堅持“兩個(ge)結(jie)合(he)”,尤其(qi)是“第二個(ge)結(jie)合(he)”,深入(ru)汲取中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)優秀傳統(tong)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)精(jing)(jing)髓,進一步推進其(qi)與馬克思主義(yi)金(jin)融理論(lun)的(de)(de)(de)深度結(jie)合(he)。首先,以(yi)習近(jin)平總書記概括的(de)(de)(de)五大(da)實(shi)踐(jian)要(yao)求為方向,進一步探索中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民族在長期經(jing)濟社(she)會活動中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)凝(ning)聚(ju)而成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)道德(de)觀(guan)、是非觀(guan)、義(yi)利觀(guan)、經(jing)營觀(guan)、治(zhi)理觀(guan)和創新(xin)觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)思想精(jing)(jing)髓,古為今(jin)用,堅持創造性轉化(hua)(hua)、創新(xin)性發展,尋求其(qi)與現代社(she)會相協調、適應金(jin)融高質量發展要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)神養分。其(qi)次,從(cong)金(jin)融經(jing)營、金(jin)融治(zhi)理兩個(ge)角度系統(tong)梳理、總結(jie)傳統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)融思想文(wen)化(hua)(hua)以(yi)及中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)共產(chan)黨(dang)領導下的(de)(de)(de)紅色金(jin)融文(wen)化(hua)(hua),不斷夯實(shi)研(yan)究(jiu)基礎,豐富研(yan)究(jiu)方法,多出(chu)高質量研(yan)究(jiu)成(cheng)果,為“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特色”“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)道路”貢獻歷史智慧。如同黃達強調的(de)(de)(de),“將中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)華(hua)滲(shen)入(ru)貨(huo)幣金(jin)融理論(lun)”,作出(chu)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特點(dian)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)風格(ge)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)神韻(yun)”的(de)(de)(de)貢獻。
(二)以(yi)中(zhong)國(guo)特(te)色金融(rong)文化建設中(zhong)國(guo)特(te)色現代金融(rong)體系
中(zhong)(zhong)國特色金融文化對于中(zhong)(zhong)國特色現代金融體系(xi)建(jian)設既有價值取向的(de)引領作(zuo)用(yong),也有實操(cao)層面的(de)促進作(zuo)用(yong)。
第(di)一(yi)(yi),積極發揮(hui)文(wen)化的(de)(de)獨特(te)作用,推(tui)動中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特(te)色現(xian)代(dai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)形(xing)成有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)統一(yi)(yi)整體(ti)(ti)。現(xian)代(dai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)包含六個(ge)方面、三層結(jie)構:金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融調控和金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融監管是(shi)(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融治理(li),在(zai)上(shang)層;金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融市場(chang)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融機(ji)(ji)構、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融產品(pin)和服務是(shi)(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融運行(經營)主體(ti)(ti),在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間層;金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融基礎設施是(shi)(shi)(shi)基石,在(zai)底(di)層。而中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特(te)色現(xian)代(dai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)則要加上(shang)價值取(qu)向(xiang)。正是(shi)(shi)(shi)價值取(qu)向(xiang)的(de)(de)不同,決(jue)定(ding)了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)西金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)差異,這個(ge)價值取(qu)向(xiang)很(hen)大程度(du)上(shang)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)由中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特(te)色金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融文(wen)化所決(jue)定(ding)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特(te)色金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融文(wen)化為我(wo)國(guo)的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融經營和金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融治理(li)提供了共同的(de)(de)價值觀和信念(nian),一(yi)(yi)定(ding)程度(du)上(shang)緩解(jie)了治理(li)雙方的(de)(de)信息(xi)不對稱(cheng),有(you)(you)助(zhu)于市場(chang)形(xing)成穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)預期,進(jin)而維系(xi)(xi)長期金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融穩(wen)定(ding)。
第二,把(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特(te)(te)(te)色金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)文(wen)(wen)化建(jian)設(she)融(rong)(rong)(rong)入中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特(te)(te)(te)色現代金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)體系(xi)建(jian)設(she)當中(zhong)(zhong),不(bu)斷提(ti)(ti)高(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特(te)(te)(te)色現代金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)體系(xi)韌性。一是貫穿金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)(ji)構經(jing)營發(fa)展的(de)(de)全過程(cheng)。在全社會尤其(qi)是金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)(ji)構內部大力(li)弘揚中(zhong)(zhong)華優秀傳統文(wen)(wen)化和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特(te)(te)(te)色金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)文(wen)(wen)化,不(bu)斷強(qiang)化金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)從(cong)(cong)業人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)矩意識和(he)規(gui)(gui)(gui)律意識,從(cong)(cong)源(yuan)頭規(gui)(gui)(gui)范其(qi)個人(ren)行為、降低(di)道德(de)風險(xian)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)(ji)構和(he)從(cong)(cong)業者要恪(ke)守市場規(gui)(gui)(gui)則和(he)職業操(cao)守,發(fa)揚“鐵算盤、鐵賬本、鐵規(gui)(gui)(gui)章”傳統,始終不(bu)做假賬,誠(cheng)實(shi)經(jing)營,珍惜信譽,不(bu)逾(yu)越底線。二是以社會主義核心價值觀為引(yin)領(ling),將中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特(te)(te)(te)色金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)文(wen)(wen)化的(de)(de)深刻內涵與金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)治(zhi)理和(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)基礎設(she)施建(jian)設(she)相結合(he),建(jian)立健全中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特(te)(te)(te)色社會信用體系(xi),著力(li)推動“機(ji)(ji)構不(bu)作假、股東守規(gui)(gui)(gui)矩、高(gao)管知敬畏、員(yuan)工有操(cao)守、公眾識風險(xian)”局面的(de)(de)形(xing)成。這(zhe)些做法符合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)監管對金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)風險(xian)早識別、早預警、早暴露、早處置的(de)(de)治(zhi)理導向,不(bu)僅有利于阻斷引(yin)致金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)風險(xian)的(de)(de)主觀意識,而且有利于提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)防范化解金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)風險(xian)的(de)(de)行為能力(li),能夠有效增(zeng)強(qiang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)體系(xi)的(de)(de)韌性。
(三)以(yi)中國特(te)色金(jin)融(rong)文化(hua)培育強(qiang)大的金(jin)融(rong)人才隊伍
金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)(guo)建設離(li)不開一支純(chun)(chun)潔、專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、有(you)戰斗(dou)(dou)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)人才(cai)(cai)隊伍。其中(zhong)(zhong)純(chun)(chun)潔性(xing)是(shi)(shi)政(zheng)治要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu),專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)性(xing)是(shi)(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務能(neng)力(li)(li)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu),戰斗(dou)(dou)力(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)風要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。培育中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特(te)色金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)文(wen)化(hua),助力(li)(li)人才(cai)(cai)隊伍建設,應牢(lao)牢(lao)把(ba)(ba)握(wo)這(zhe)三個方(fang)(fang)面(mian),凝心鑄魂,不斷(duan)強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)人才(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規矩意識(shi)和(he)規律意識(shi)。首(shou)先,堅持(chi)(chi)價值觀(guan)引領,增強(qiang)(qiang)純(chun)(chun)潔性(xing)和(he)戰斗(dou)(dou)力(li)(li)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)是(shi)(shi)國(guo)(guo)之重器,在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)式現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)建設全局中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)揮(hui)著重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)作(zuo)(zuo)用。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)(ji)構要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)牢(lao)固樹(shu)(shu)立正確經(jing)營觀(guan)、業(ye)(ye)(ye)績觀(guan)和(he)風險觀(guan),平(ping)衡好(hao)(hao)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)性(xing)與盈(ying)利性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi),堅持(chi)(chi)盈(ying)利服從功(gong)(gong)能(neng)發(fa)揮(hui)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)從業(ye)(ye)(ye)人員應自覺(jue)踐行社會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義核心價值觀(guan),深(shen)入汲取中(zhong)(zhong)華優秀傳統(tong)(tong)文(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想精髓,深(shen)入學習(xi)(xi)領會(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特(te)色金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)文(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)踐要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu),胸懷國(guo)(guo)之大(da)者(zhe),強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)使(shi)命擔當,增強(qiang)(qiang)純(chun)(chun)潔性(xing)和(he)戰斗(dou)(dou)力(li)(li)。其次,努力(li)(li)把(ba)(ba)握(wo)現代(dai)(dai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)發(fa)展(zhan)規律,不斷(duan)提(ti)升專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)水平(ping)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)領域專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)性(xing)強(qiang)(qiang)、復(fu)雜程度高(gao)(gao)、知識(shi)密(mi)集度高(gao)(gao)。做好(hao)(hao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)工作(zuo)(zuo),一方(fang)(fang)面(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)能(neng)更好(hao)(hao)地服務實(shi)(shi)體經(jing)濟(ji)、防范風險,另一方(fang)(fang)面(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)更好(hao)(hao)發(fa)揮(hui)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資源配置和(he)風險配置功(gong)(gong)能(neng),推(tui)動(dong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)創(chuang)新發(fa)展(zhan)。這(zhe)些都需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)學習(xi)(xi),以馬克思(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)理(li)論為指導,充分(fen)掌握(wo)現代(dai)(dai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)學知識(shi),了解國(guo)(guo)內(nei)外金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)實(shi)(shi)踐的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前沿(yan)。特(te)別重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)打破西(xi)方(fang)(fang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)學理(li)論長(chang)期(qi)以來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)導話語,以中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)自主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)學知識(shi)體系(xi)夯實(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特(te)色金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)文(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根基,培養(yang)出(chu)能(neng)夠真正推(tui)動(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)高(gao)(gao)質量發(fa)展(zhan)、加(jia)快建設金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)人才(cai)(cai)隊伍。再(zai)次,抓好(hao)(hao)組(zu)織保障。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)文(wen)化(hua)建設是(shi)(shi)一項(xiang)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)性(xing)工程,需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)(ji)構和(he)職能(neng)機(ji)(ji)構密(mi)切(qie)配合(he),形成(cheng)合(he)力(li)(li)。一是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)制(zhi)定(ding)具有(you)長(chang)期(qi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)文(wen)化(hua)建設方(fang)(fang)案(an),建立健全金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)文(wen)化(hua)建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體制(zhi)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)。二(er)是(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)樹(shu)(shu)立德才(cai)(cai)兼(jian)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人才(cai)(cai)選拔導向,將精致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利己主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義者(zhe)清理(li)出(chu)隊伍,促進人才(cai)(cai)隊伍在(zai)(zai)嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想淬煉、政(zheng)治歷(li)練與實(shi)(shi)踐鍛煉中(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)長(chang),敢于發(fa)聲亮劍,辦(ban)好(hao)(hao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)安全兩件(jian)大(da)事(shi)。
(來源:新華(hua)社(she))